Branding in Retail Sector Marks and Spencer

Introduction Retail branding has gained prominence over the last few years as a unique branding concept, meant to differentiate a business from another in (besides explaining the visions and values of an organization) (Canadian Marketing Association 2011, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Branding in Retail Sector: Marks and Spencer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Retail branding is perceived to be different from other types of branding because a high sense of branding support must be matched with the performance of the organization; moreover, retail branding has to be forthcoming in terms of tangible and intangible benefits (Business Resources 2011, p. 1). Retail branding is also unique to other types of branding because it is broad in depth and provides a wider field for organizations to develop a positive relationship with their products (Floor 2006; Bhatia, 2008). Considering retail branding is i mportant in most organizations of a retail nature, this study attempts to explain if retail branding was a contributing factor to the expansion of Marks and Spencer chain of retail stores (O’Rourke 2007). Marks and Spencer is a British retail store which has expansive operations in Europe and in several countries across the globe (Guardian News and Media Limited 2008, p. 1). It specifically specializes in selling luxury goods and clothing items; whereby, in the past decades, it has been able to transcend geographical boundaries to sell its goods and services in several locations around the world (Seth 2001, p. 136). In the United Kingdom (UK) for example, it is estimated that, Marks and Spencer has over 700 outlets, while across the globe, the company is estimated to run about 300 outlets, in more than 40 countries (Drucker 1999). This rapid growth of the company’s services can be attributed to several factors, but since the company has a well established brand, it wou ld be worthwhile to establish if the company’s brand played a strategic role in the company’s successful expansion. Literature Review Marks and Spencer has in the recent decade engaged several brand realignment strategies to strategically place the company above its competitors, as well as, communicate its new business processes (Bilton 2007, p. 122). For instance, in the early 2000s, the company engaged in several brand improvement strategies by changing most of its conventional brands (MacRury 2009, p. 77). Most of the rebranding efforts were directed at changing the company’s children and women brands (Plunkett 2007). This does not however mean that the men’s brand failed to change in the same regard, because it did (Mathur 2010). In fact, the men’s autograph brand was one such brand improvement strategy undertaken by the company in the early 2000s (Fernie 2003, p. 303).Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the recent years (around 2008/2009), the company discountinued some of the poorly performing brands.  Marks and Spencer has in the recent past been able to expand its international outlets through an ambitious strategy to open up a new store every week, for the next three years (Stone 2004, p. 31). Since the company has opened up three hundred new outlets already, there are plans to expand its international outlets to more than three hundred and fifty (Gupta 2008, p. 79). The company’s expansion strategy is based on the franchise contracts issued to independent businessmen across the globe (and who rely on the strong branding power of the company to succeed) (Bookbinder 1989). This fact is affirmed by Finch who says that:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"But in recent years an increasing number of retailers have turned to franchises to extend their brand without risking shareholders’ cash. Among those using franch ises (for Marks and Spencer) are Debenhams and Mothercare, which have both opened stores in India with local partners† (Finch 2008, p. 3). Marks and Spencer’s expansion and brand dominance in the European and American markets can be attributed to the long existence of the company in the retail sector (Parker-Pope 1996). For instance, the company’s existence spans centuries and many people have known the brand for long. Moreover, in the company’s existence, the company has never collapsed (Various 2007). Michael (2011) notes that, in 1974, Marks and Spencer ran about 17 overseas stores (in Canada and Europe). In the 1990s, the company further expanded its overseas operations, based on a strategy of acquisitions where it turned around the performance of retail stores around the world, such as the turnaround of Brooks and Brothers Company, which was experiencing severe losses, preceding the acquisition by Marks and Spencer (Buckley 1994, p. 20; Maye 2007). Ma rks and Spencer’s growth was not only being evidenced globally, its growth was also envisioned domestically with most of its operations either owned through franchises or through company-owned enterprises (Cox 1993, p. 131). Several expansions were witnessed in Greece, Portugal, Germany, France, Spain and such like places, in the early 90s (Ward 2003). The same trend was also evidenced in its expansionary venture into Asia when the company issued several franchise agreements in many Asian economies such as Malaysia and Thailand, but the same strategy was also used to open up outlets in other world destinations such as Austria, Hungary, Turkey, Czech Republic and such like places (Rialp 2006, p. 202; Fair 1990). Domestically, the company embarked on a strategy to acquire small stores and turn them into Marks and Spencer outlets – a strategy which saw it acquire over seventeen stores in the UK alone (Fernie 2003, p. 333). At the same time, the company also continued to e xpand its overseas outlets in countries such as Australia, Dubai and Poland, through franchise agreements (Sinkovics 2009).Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Branding in Retail Sector: Marks and Spencer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the same time, the company embarked on an effort to expand its business core areas, where it ventured into insurance business, introducing new products such as critical illness policies, protection policies and similar financial products. In 1998, the company fought legal battles with media companies, which ran negative documentaries that dented the company’s image. Such allegations were aimed at smearing the company’s image with child labor practices implying that, the company produced clothes from overseas labor and instead, labeled their products as, â€Å"made in UK† (Saren 2006).  Negative brand perception is known to affect a companyâ€℠¢s profitability, and in the same regard, if a company’s profitability reduces, it is highly unlikely that it will be able to effectively expand (Moeller 2007, p. 137). From the same understanding, it is important to note that, when a company has a positive brand image, it is bound to attract more franchise holders than when it has a negative brand image (Kardes 2005). Brand association is an important strategy in the expansion of a company’s products and services because a positive brand perception is bound to attract several brand sponsors from across several locations across the globe and through this association, a company’s operations is likely to significantly increase (Yastrow 2003, p. 85). The opposite is also true, in the sense that, when a brand receives negative publicity (Botha 2008, p. 171). It would be difficult for a brand to perform in stores running under the brand name. Obviously, this would hamper the company’s expansionary efforts. Dat a Collection This study will incorporate mail questionnaires and personal interviews as the major sources of data to be used in this study. Mail questionnaires will be used to obtain information from respondents who are not easily available while personal interviews will be used to obtain information from respondents who are available for interviews (Peterson 2000; Pradhan, 2009). Respondents who are not easily available will most likely be the top executives of Marks and Spencer, while those who all be interviewed through personal interviews will most likely be middle-level and low-level managers. A sample size of 20 top-level managers and 10 middle-level and lower level managers will be appropriate. The use of mail questionnaires as a complementary method of data collection is important in this case because it will be a cost-effective method of data collection when compared to other forms of data collection (Pitler 2007, p. 210). The fact that, the questionnaires will be structure d by the interviewer makes the data collection tool more cost-effective because one can ask the most relevant questions relating to the topic, and the numbers of questions are not as limited as other data collection tools (Sapsford 2006, p. 93).Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Personal interviews will also be of use in this sample study because it is flexible for researchers who need to interview respondents who are illiterate (Joint Commission Resources, Inc. 2008). Moreover, personal interviews will go a long way in untangling sophisticated issues which may be of high importance to the formulation or determination of the research’s hypothesis (Assembly of Life Sciences (U.S) 1987). Moreover, personal interviews will be complementary to research questionnaires because they will be used to probe deeper information regarding Marks and Spencer’s expansion strategy, viz-a-viz its branding strategy (Aday 2006, p. 100). Ultimately, personal interviews are expected to exhibit a high response rate when compared to the mail interviews (Lyman 2008, p. 29). This stands out as a complementary attribute to the research’s data collection process. References Aday, L. (2006) Designing and Conducting Health Surveys: A Comprehensive Guide.  London, John Wiley and Sons. Assembly of Life Sciences (U.S.). (1987) Drinking Water and Health, Volume 7. New  York, National Academies Press. Bhatia, S. (2008) Retail Management. New York, Atlantic Publishers Dist. Bilton, C. (2007) Management and Creativity: From Creative Industries to Creative  Management. London, Wiley-Blackwell. Bookbinder, P. (1989) Marks Spencer: The War Years, 1939-1945. London, Century  Benham. Botha, J. (2008) Managing E-commerce in Business. New York, Juta and Company Ltd. Buckley, N. (1994) Food for Thought. Financial Times, 10, 20. Business Resources. (2011) Retail Branding. Web. Canadian Marketing Association. (2011) Retail Branding: The Concept Defined.  Web. Cox, H. (1993) The Growth Of Global Business. London, Routledge. Drucker, P. (1999) Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices. New York, Gulf  Professional Publishing. Fair, D. (1990) Financial Institutions in Europe under New Competitive Conditions. New  York, Springer. Fernie, J. (2 003) Principles of Retailing. London, Butterworth-Heinemann. Finch, J. (2008) MS Aims To Open 150 New Stores Overseas. Web. Floor, K. (2006) Branding A Store: How to Build Successful Retail Brands In A  Changing Marketplace. London, Kogan Page Publishers. Guardian News and Media Limited. (2008) MS Unveils Brand Strategy. Web. Gupta, A. (2008) The Quest For Global Dominance: Transforming Global Presence Into  Global Competitive Advantage. London, John Wiley and Sons. Joint Commission Resources, Inc. (2008) Managing Performance Measurement Data in  Health Care. New York, Joint Commission Resources. Kardes, F. (2005) Applying Social Cognition to Consumer-Focused Strategy. London,  Routledge. Lyman, O. (2008) An Introduction To Statistical Methods And Data Analysis. London,  Cengage Learning. MacRury, I. (2009) Advertising. London, Routledge. Mathur, U. (2010) Retail Management: Text and Cases. New York, I. K. International  Pvt Ltd. Maye, D. (2007) Alternative Food Geograph ies: Representation and Practice. London,  Emerald Group Publishing. Michael H. (2011) Marks and Spencer P.L.C. Web. Moeller, S. (2007) Intelligent MA: Navigating the Mergers and Acquisitions Minefield.  London, John Wiley and Sons. O’Rourke, J. (2007) The Business Communication Casebook: A Notre Dame Collection.  London, Cengage Learning. Parker-Pope, T. (1996) Brooks Brothers Gets a Boost from New Look. Wall Street  Journal, 22, 1-4. Peterson, A. (2000) Constructing Effective Questionnaires. New York, SAGE. Plunkett, J. (2007) Plunkett’s Apparel and Textiles Industry Almanac 2007 (eBook):  Apparel and Textiles Industry Market Research, Statistics, Trends and Leading  Companies. New York, Plunkett Research, Ltd. Pitler, H. (2007) Using Technology with Classroom Instruction That Works. New York,  ASCD. Pradhan. (2009) Retailing Management 3E. New York, Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Rialp, A. (2006) International Marketing Research: Opportunities and Challen ges in the  21st Century. London, Emerald Group Publishing. Sapsford, R. (2006). Data Collection and Analysis. London, SAGE. Saren, M. (2006) Marketing Graffiti: The View from the Street. New York, Butterworth-Heinemann. Seth, A. (2001) The Grocers: The Rise And Rise Of The Supermarket Chains. New  York, Kogan Page Publishers. Sinkovics, R. (2009) New Challenges to International Marketing. London, Emerald  Group Publishing. Stone, M. (2004) International Strategic Marketing: A [N] European Perspective.  London, Routledge. Various. (2007) Ten out of ten: my Hong Kong. London, PPP Company Ltd. Ward, A. (2003) The Leadership Lifecycle: Matching Leaders To Evolving  Organizations. London, Palgrave Macmillan. Yastrow, S. (2003) Brand Harmony: Achieving Dynamic Results by Orchestrating Your  Customer’s Total Experience. New York, SelectBooks, Inc. This dissertation on Branding in Retail Sector: Marks and Spencer was written and submitted by user Jabari Gonzalez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Car Jacking Essays - Jack, Lifting Equipment, Panic Button

Car Jacking Essays - Jack, Lifting Equipment, Panic Button Car Jacking Car Jacking Car Jacking is a nation wide problem. There are many horrifying tales that people have encountered. In April of 1999 a woman and her baby were car jacked in their hometown in Georgia. The mother stepped out of the car and was giving her baby a bottle when out of nowhere a man pushed her into the back seat of her car and he jumped into the front and took off. She was screaming and yelling and trying to fight the man. Then she realized she had a cell phone in her babies diaper bag. She managed to get to the phone and then she dialed 911 and left the line open. She was scared and nervous and didnt know where she was going or what was going to happen to her and her baby. She was trying to name out landmarks so the 911 operator could lead the police to them without the car jackers knowledge. The car started slowing down and she was getting ready to jump out when she suddenly realized that there was a car following them. A man got out of his van and jumped into the backseat with her and th e baby. They heard sirens from a police car but it soon faded away. She knew the police were looking for her. She wondered how she could tell the police to come back to help them. She was talking to the kidnappers loud enough so the operator could hear, that police car cant be looking for you, they went by us. Soon the police came back and pulled the car over. Everything turned out fine because of this womans quick thinking. (Weingarden 1-3). Car jacking is a problem in the United States. There has been a rise of auto theft and car jacking in the past years. There are also ways to prevent this crime and tips to be aware of if you are ever in this situation. In United States they have recorded over 35,000 attempted car jackings in the last year and they are on the rise (Brewer 1). Also, a speculation is that all victims of car jacking are women and that is not true. Early one morning, two teenagers stole a mans car in his driveway, and in a rage the man jumped onto the car, which was a careless thing to do. He eventually fell off and was run over. When a situation like this strikes, people dont know what to do and go into a state of panic like this man. He put his life into danger for a possession, his car. Your life is much more valuable that an object and some people figure this out after it is too late (Brewer 1). Even though this gives an example of an instance when a mans car was car jacked, the fact is that more women are susceptible to this crime. There has been an increase in violent crimes associated with women in the last few years (Davies 1). In example, one lady whose assailant tried to help her at first, was caught by surprise when he kidnapped her in her own car. He beat her and locked her in the trunk. Through her perseverance, she was able to pry the trunk open. She finally had to leap from the vehicle and was picked up by a Good Samaritan. The police found the man and he was wanted for the murder and rape of a woman the week before (Morris 1-6). Dont be fooled by the helpfulness of a stranger. Without her perseverance and smart thinking she could have ended up just like the woman before her. There are many precautions that you can take to prevent car jacking and auto theft. Using things like pepper spray, you can defend yourself if you are ever in this situation (Drury 1). Another invention that could be useful to you is the Stop Jack. This instrument once set up will stop your car when someone takes control of the car and pushes the other person out. It can sense when the car door opens. If it is not disarmed with the magnetic card then it will kill the engine dead in